Since National Institutes for Health in the USA published its roadmap in 2003, ‘Translational Research’, so-called ‘From Bench to Bedside’, has become a new trend in biomedicine research area in the world, by which the basic research and clinical research are tightly integrated. In this issue, six research papers fall into this new trend, in which they initiate biological studies from the observations of complex diseases and the results from their studies have potential clinical output.