Activation of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) plays a critical role in normal hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis. Dawson et al. (2009; JAK2 phosphorylates histone H3Y41 and excludes HP1alpha from chromatin. Nature 461, 819-922) report that JAK2 performs this function by displacing the heterochromatin protein HP1伪 from chromatin through phosphorylation of histone H3.